An AND gate operates on the same principle as a

• A. Parallel circuit
• B. Series circuit
• C. Open circuit
• D. Short circuit

Answer: (B)

The concept tested is that an AND gate outputs a true result only when all inputs are true. This matches a series circuit where current can flow to the load only if every switch in the path is closed. If any switch is open, the circuit is broken and the load stays off, just like the AND gate output going low when any input is low. In a parallel circuit, current can reach the load through any closed path, which aligns more with an OR gate. An open circuit is simply a broken connection with no current, and a short circuit is an unintended, low-resistance path—neither represents the controlled, all-conditions-needed behavior of an AND gate.